tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-53607211952426697352024-03-12T21:15:00.514-04:00Civil War Navy SesquicentennialAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01520357948612296575noreply@blogger.comBlogger415125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-76030849996068986402015-07-12T13:43:00.000-04:002015-07-12T13:43:50.755-04:00And now, what do you think?As we are at or near the end of the Civil War Navy Sesquicentennial, I would be interested in reading any retrospective posts from current or former contributors to this blog, as well as the many folks who have followed us. Any thoughts after the last five years? I'm sure there are a few out there. I'd also be interested in the thoughts of any naval history scholars.<br />
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One of the things that strikes me, and that I frequently mention to folks in my presentations, is that the U.S. Navy was the second most powerful Navy in the world at the end of the CW, but how quickly it deteriorated, or was allowed to deteriorate, after the war. Some shrinkage might be understandable, given the post-war fatigue, need to divert funds to rebuilding, etc., but the lack of technological progress or advancement was mystifying to me, especially based on the lessons learned during the war.<br />
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Based on what I have read by other scholars, some of this was a result of the continuing refusal by naval leadership to adapt the emerging naval technologies. While the USN has always been a service steeped in tradition, sometimes dedication to tradition can be debilitating. While the European, and even some of the South American navies began to transition to sea-going, armored warships, the USN continued to use Civil War-era ships and technology well into the 1880's it seems. And only the prospect of war with the Spanish Navy (and potential conflicts with the Germans, as well?) finally galvanized the USN into building up-to-date armored cruisers and battleships. Maybe a new generation of leadership helped as well.<br />
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I'm sure there has been much analysis of this elsewhere, and I would most appreciate giving me a "heads up" on interesting articles or books on the post-CW USN and the forces behind what happened.<br />
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What posts on this site stood out for you in the last five years? It is hard for me to pick any particular favorites. The material on the War on the Western Rivers was always interesting for me, as I have always tended to focus more on the naval CW along the coasts. Dr. John Grady's posts were always thought-provoking to me, and Sara Adler was our "Monty Python" (. . . and now for something completely different). Comments are welcome.Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-670399825586948582015-05-07T19:14:00.000-04:002015-05-07T19:14:06.357-04:00The War is over: but not for the Navy<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ncyVnHbdjPM/VUvrZu_fbRI/AAAAAAAAAk0/Kj65uMmpMA0/s1600/CSS%2BStonewall2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="220" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ncyVnHbdjPM/VUvrZu_fbRI/AAAAAAAAAk0/Kj65uMmpMA0/s320/CSS%2BStonewall2.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Confederate warship CSS <i>Stonewall</i>. Source: Naval History and Heritage Command.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
It is May, 1865.<br />
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Gen. Robert E. Lee surrendered his army the month before at Appomattox, and the Confederate western generals not long afterward. Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his cabinet were being arrested as they tried to flee the country. The Union Navy presence off the southern coastline continued, mainly to enforce the peace, help slaves now completely released from their servitude, assist with rebuilding, and other mundane duties. Adm. C.K. Stribling commands the East Gulf Blockading Squadron from his home base at Key West, Florida.<br />
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Sometime in early May, the Admiral receives a dispatch from the U.S. Consul General in Havana, Cuba, which incites a panic. The Confederate ocean-going ironclad ram CSS <i>Stonewall </i>has docked at Havana harbor. This warship was built by France, for the Confederate Navy, which eventually took possession of her through a tortuous process. This ship was the "next generation" in blue-water warships. She was powered both by steam and sail rig, heavily armored, and armed with some of the most technologically advanced naval gunnery of the day; a 300-pdr and two 70-pdr Armstrong guns. When she left Portugal in March of 1865, the USN warships <i>Niagara </i>and <i>Sacramento </i>made weak attempts to confront her, but the USN had nothing that could go up against this formidable Confederate warship. It is rumored that she may be headed for Texas, or even perhaps Florida, to where the Confederate cabinet were fleeing, to pick them up and evacuate them to safety.<br />
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Stribling no doubt struggled with what to do. Eventually, he dispatched the USS <i>Powhatan</i>, with his Flag Captain aboard, and the USS <i>Aries</i>, followed by the USS <i>Mahaska </i>and <i>Tallapoosa</i>, to blockade the harbor of Havana. The captains of these vessels had orders to engage the <i>Stonewall</i>, should she try to make a run out of the harbor, and fight her to their destruction or the destruction of the <i>Stonewall</i>. It was a suicide mission. Without consulting his superiors, Stribling also sent two dispatches to the U.S. Consul General in Havana. One was delivered to the commanding officer of the <i>Stonewall</i>; an earnest and heartfelt plea to consider that the Confederacy was dead, and to surrender his warship, under terms of parole identical to those granted to Lee and his army. The second dispatch was delivered to the Captain General of the Island of Cuba (the official government representative of the Spanish Crown, who ruled the island). This missive was not as nice; it informed the Capt. General that, because of the collapse of the Confederate government and state, the <i>Stonewall </i>was no longer considered a legitimate ship-of-war, which enjoyed certain protections under international law. She was considered a pirate, and for Cuba to be offering protection would be aiding and abetting piracy, authorizing the U.S. Navy to take whatever actions necessary against the ship and the Island of Cuba to abet this threat.<br />
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Stibling's message got through to somebody, somehow. On 19 May, the <i>Stonewall </i>was surrendered to Spanish Naval authorities, and turned over to the U.S. Navy shortly thereafter. The members of the <i>Stonewall</i>'s crew were paid off the salary owed them in Spanish gold. For reasons I have still not found out, the USN eventually sold her to the Japanese Navy.<br />
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In the last few months of the Civil War (maybe even after it "officially" ended), it is interesting that the last military vestiges of the Confederacy were her Navy. The <i>Stonewall </i>surrendered a month after the essential collapse of the Confederate Army. Six months later, the last Confederate warship, the raider CSS <i>Shenandoah</i>, hauled down her flag in England in November, 1865 and surrendered to those authorities. Maybe this is the legacy of Confederate Navy Secretary Stephen R. Mallory, who built a Navy from scratch, and whose Navy persisted until the end of the War, and even beyond.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7aIOGOdSYv4/VUvxJVCZjTI/AAAAAAAAAlE/k-k4kh5fl7c/s1600/Chapt%2B7%2BImage%2B4.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="213" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7aIOGOdSYv4/VUvxJVCZjTI/AAAAAAAAAlE/k-k4kh5fl7c/s320/Chapt%2B7%2BImage%2B4.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Grave marker of C.S. Navy Secretary Mallory, in Pensacola, Florida. Photo by Tiffany Trent.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-68491274784405239262015-04-15T20:20:00.000-04:002015-04-15T20:20:07.353-04:00The Death of Abraham LincolnYesterday (14 April) and today mark the 150th anniversary of the assassination of President Lincoln by John Wilkes Booth. Here is an interesting illustration, showing Columbia (??) mourning over the President's casket, and in the upper corners, a soldier grieving, representing the sorrow of the Army (on the upper left), and a sailor sobbing into his hands next to his gun, representing the sorrow of the Navy (upper right) for their commander-in-chief.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VO5PtAKh_aE/VS7_a3SbFoI/AAAAAAAAAkc/G34LaKMwPH0/s1600/abraham-lincoln-coffin-700.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VO5PtAKh_aE/VS7_a3SbFoI/AAAAAAAAAkc/G34LaKMwPH0/s1600/abraham-lincoln-coffin-700.jpg" height="222" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-71140651455604528222015-03-12T18:30:00.000-04:002015-03-12T18:35:39.002-04:00Battle of Natural Bridge, Florida. March 1865<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Kv0iKzKnu4A/VQIO_PbBc1I/AAAAAAAAAjo/Ci7rtlxDkwM/s1600/Map%2B9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Kv0iKzKnu4A/VQIO_PbBc1I/AAAAAAAAAjo/Ci7rtlxDkwM/s1600/Map%2B9.jpg" height="320" width="201" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Map of the St. Marks River mouth, showing disposition of Navy gunboats during the landing of troops. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">In the early days of 1865, with the war starting to wind
down, Union Army General John Newton decided to organize an assault on the
Florida state capitol, Tallahassee. He would land his troops at St. Marks and
march northward to the city. Perhaps some of his motivation was to try to
avenge the stinging defeat the Union Army had suffered a year earlier at
Olustee.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">A joint Army/Navy task force began to land Union troops
near the lighthouse at the mouth of the St. Marks River on 3 March 1865. Heavy
weather hampered the operations, but all forces were landed by 5 March 1865.
Assisting in the operation were the Union Navy gunboats <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Stars and Stripes</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Fort Henry</i>,
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Mahaska</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Honduras</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Hibiscus</i>, and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Britannia</i>. Landing parties of sailors
and marines were also put ashore to capture critical bridges and occupy
Confederate forces at St. Marks to prevent their interfering with the Union
Army advance.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AdvnsmRKnX0/VQIPPq8N0YI/AAAAAAAAAjw/TBZ_b-2ISoA/s1600/USS%2BHibiscus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AdvnsmRKnX0/VQIPPq8N0YI/AAAAAAAAAjw/TBZ_b-2ISoA/s1600/USS%2BHibiscus.jpg" height="205" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">USS <i>Hibiscus</i>. Naval History and Heritage Command</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The Union forces were landed on the east side of the St.
Marks River, which meant they had to cross the river to advance on Tallahassee.
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">The weekend of 7-8
March 2015, the 38th reenactment of the Battle of Natural Bridge was held at
the Natural Bridge Battlefield Historic State Park (the site of the original
battle). This was a special event, as it commemorated the 150th Anniversary of
the battle. Reenactors from the USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pawnee</i>
Guard marines and USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ft. Henry</i>
Living History Association portrayed a naval landing party and, as they did in
the original engagement, provided flanking cover to the Union Army advance on
the battlefield.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ixe7AVZ8gM4/VQIPpIMpFCI/AAAAAAAAAj4/Cs5NZ2PlqTw/s1600/Natural%2BBridge%2Bnaval%2Blanding%2Bparty.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ixe7AVZ8gM4/VQIPpIMpFCI/AAAAAAAAAj4/Cs5NZ2PlqTw/s1600/Natural%2BBridge%2Bnaval%2Blanding%2Bparty.jpg" height="238" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Members of the Pawnee Guard (US Marines) and a sailor with the USS Ft. Henry Living History Association in camp at the Natural Bridge battle reenactment in March 2015. Courtesy Pawnee Guard.</span></span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qkURImFKTU8/VQIQCJhNu1I/AAAAAAAAAkA/wQmjZVk6lQ0/s1600/Rob%2Bat%2BNatural%2BBridge.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-qkURImFKTU8/VQIQCJhNu1I/AAAAAAAAAkA/wQmjZVk6lQ0/s1600/Rob%2Bat%2BNatural%2BBridge.jpg" height="236" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Just like in real life; "hurry up and wait." Marines and sailor waiting to go into action during the reenactment of the Battle of Natural Bridge. Courtesy Pawnee Guard.</td></tr>
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Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-15546203466346098442015-01-02T08:18:00.000-05:002015-01-02T09:02:31.524-05:00New Book by CWN150 Contributing Blogger Seaman Rob<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RUwn0fOsl0Y/VKaZJDPsrxI/AAAAAAAAAjA/9ywgvmcVAtY/s1600/Rob-Mattson-with-book-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-RUwn0fOsl0Y/VKaZJDPsrxI/AAAAAAAAAjA/9ywgvmcVAtY/s1600/Rob-Mattson-with-book-2.jpg" height="320" width="256" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Photo by Mat O'Malley</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Thank-you to all of you for your attention to our CWN150 site. We hope you are enjoying a good holiday season.<br />
<br />
At the risk of engaging in "shameless self-promotion," I would like to let you all know about a book that I have recently self-published. It is titled "The Civil War Navy in Florida" and is based largely on the posts I have been contributing to this Blog for the past 5 years or so.<br />
<br />
It covers the actions and activities of the Union and Confederate Navies in Florida during the Civil War and I hope you will enjoy it should you decide to get a copy. It is available through your local independent bookseller and through Amazon.com and BarnesandNoble.com. Thanks so much again for your interest and attention over these last five years.<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uVTHySpA5Ao/VKaZRTqPZCI/AAAAAAAAAjI/_GU_hW30sWU/s1600/Book%2Bcover%2Bimage.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uVTHySpA5Ao/VKaZRTqPZCI/AAAAAAAAAjI/_GU_hW30sWU/s1600/Book%2Bcover%2Bimage.JPG" height="320" width="205" /></a></div>
Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-70246939209215981982014-12-31T08:17:00.000-05:002014-12-31T08:20:27.021-05:00There is a (RED) Light That Never Goes Out: Monitor Looks at 152<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LwxhwN9uKGI/VKP1Ks1XeaI/AAAAAAAAAEM/mkmTeYWa3Ao/s1600/red_lantern_646.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-LwxhwN9uKGI/VKP1Ks1XeaI/AAAAAAAAAEM/mkmTeYWa3Ao/s1600/red_lantern_646.jpg" height="320" width="237" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">By Matthew T. Eng</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Naval Historical Foundation</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">We are closing another calendar year on the Civil War
Sesquicentennial. It is the last December of the war years. Civil War naval
enthusiasts will note the importance of today’s date across the landscape of
the social media blogosphere: the 31 December sinking of USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i>. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i> put to sea
under tow from USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rhode Island</i> on
the final days of 1862. A violent storm soon developed off Hatteras, forcing <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor’s</i> Commanding Officer John P.
Bankhead to signal a red lantern to the crew of Rhode Island for help. The lamp
hung with the running lights on the turret, the highest point of the vertically
challenged vessel. By the time the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i>
survivors arrived safely on board <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rhode
Island</i>, their beloved ship began to pitch and roll under the strain of the
sea. Sailors recall seeing the red light atop of the turret flickering in and
out in the distance as they began to break off. By 1:00 AM on 31 December 1862,
the red light was underneath the turbulent waves.</span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #595959;">“We
watched from the deck of the <i>Rhode Island</i> the lonely light
upon the <i>Monitor</i>'s turret – a hundred times we thought it had gone
forever, – a hundred times it reappeared, till at last...it sank and we saw it
no more."</span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Cambria; mso-bidi-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-hansi-font-family: Cambria;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Surgeon Samuel Gilbert Webber (USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rhode Island</i>)</span></blockquote>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The red lantern and several other important artifacts from
the ironclad are back on the surface. Resting underneath the waves are the
remains of the ship and the bodies of fourteen sailors. Two of their comrades
discovered inside the recovered turret now rest in Arlington National Cemetery.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Such A Heavenly Way to Die?<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Significant dates are a tricky form of understanding
history, especially in today’s social media-centric society. Anybody can write
down or post about WHEN something happened in naval history. Maybe a few
historical photos will accompany the brief text. You may “like” it on Facebook.
Hell, you may even share it on your wall or tweet it to your followers. But the
learning stops there. The dialog dies. We can’t afford to do that when there is
so much more to talk about, especially <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i>.
It takes talent to convey to others WHY and HOW it happened. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DfPtwuX5TmE/VKP1YpcAR7I/AAAAAAAAAEU/QBUHC9AABQU/s1600/Monitor-wreck.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DfPtwuX5TmE/VKP1YpcAR7I/AAAAAAAAAEU/QBUHC9AABQU/s1600/Monitor-wreck.jpg" height="297" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Most stewards of the craft are simply telling you when
something happened in the grand timeline of naval history. Fort Fisher falls in
January. Mobile Bay was an early August event. The Battle of Hampton Roads is
celebrated for two days every March. So much more happens in between a calendar
year and a time and place. Merely telling the general public about a
significant date in history seems like an empty gesture. The public demands and
deserves more. Thanks to a dedicated group of historians, museum specialists,
curators, and underwater archaeologists, we continue to learn more about
America’s first ironclad every day.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">History in the
Darkened Underpass<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">It’s been a tough set of years to mark the current Civil War
commemoration. Anyone who tells you differently has not paid close attention to
the pulse of the general public. Controversy is a yearly event. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">A centennial seems like a nice round number – one that is
easily recognizable to the general public. World War I fans are currently
reaping the benefits of this in the same way the public honored the recent War
of 1812 bicentennial. Looking back at 150 years is more difficult. These years
mark the halfway point on the road trip to the bicentennial. It is as if the
public is sitting in the back seat of the car, asking leading historians,
museum specialists, and authors “are we there yet?” We are there. In fact,
there is less than 150 days left in the entire sesquicentennial commemoration.
How will it fair during the 175<sup>th</sup> in 2036?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i> was not
immune to this harsh criticism in the wake of the Conservation Lab’s closure. The
year for <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i> began on 9 January with
news from the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/va-museum-shuts-lab-with-uss-monitor-artifacts-citing-lack-of-federal-funds/2014/01/09/1bd0a7ca-78b7-11e3-b1c5-739e63e9c9a7_story.html">Washington Post</a></i> that
the USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i> lab would close its
doors due to a lack of federal funding. The news shocked everyone, in and out
of the field. Many of the comments posted on the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Post</i> article were anything but helpful. Many questioned why we
support such aged history in the first place. Supporters of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i> soon came to their aid when
funding proved short, calling for others to help preserve the lab and
artifacts. Thankfully, the lab <a href="http://www.dailypress.com/features/history/dp-uss-monitor-conservation-lab-to-reopen-20140718-story.html">reopened</a> only a few months later this summer. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i> was back, and the interest
continued to grow. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6VoM7ltRGGE/VKP17hVdqBI/AAAAAAAAAEc/mi_JEVTLdyE/s1600/dp-nws-uss-monitor-lab-reopens-20140507-001.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6VoM7ltRGGE/VKP17hVdqBI/AAAAAAAAAEc/mi_JEVTLdyE/s1600/dp-nws-uss-monitor-lab-reopens-20140507-001.jpeg" height="225" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
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<span style="background: white; font-family: Arial; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">The <i>Monitor</i>
Center Reopens (Adrin Snider / Daily Press)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">That interest stayed at this year’s 10<sup>th</sup> Maritime
Heritage Conference in Norfolk, Virginia. A special panel shed light on the
recent efforts and partnerships between the Mariners’ Museum, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i> Conservation Lab, and NOAA.
Leading experts on the ship spoke positively about the future of the artifacts.
I had a chance to <a href="http://www.navyhistory.org/2014/09/monitor-coat-conservation/">write a nice piece</a> about some of their more recent artifact
conversation projects. The sea state was calm. The subject of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i> and shipwreck history even came
up at this year’s World War I Centennial Conference at the MacArthur Memorial.
There is so much more to the mystery of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i>
than a single date in time. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">It would seem that the red lantern, which became a central
artifact in the discussion of the Monitor’s recovery, is still on. Dave Krop
and the fine folks at the lab are still doing the diligent work necessary to
preserve one of the Civil War’s most treasured relics. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i> is a
figurehead of American naval history. One may argue the ship’s supreme
importance within the timeline of naval history in general. Monitor is WHY and
HOW Civil War naval history is alive and well today. Such an important ship
deserves our respect and admiration. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">“Well, the pleasure – the privilege is mine” to continue to
work with those who would see the red light never extinguished from the memory
of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i>. Thank you to all who keep
it lit. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01520357948612296575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-35639197301126298162014-08-05T18:55:00.000-04:002014-08-05T19:41:45.572-04:00Battle of Mobile Bay III - The Aftermath<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KSCWuO7uy8Y/U-FeLbJwFUI/AAAAAAAAAig/gWwlYUkcB00/s1600/hartford-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-KSCWuO7uy8Y/U-FeLbJwFUI/AAAAAAAAAig/gWwlYUkcB00/s1600/hartford-2.jpg" height="217" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Sailors at the helm of the USS <i>Hartford</i>, probably taken after the battle. Naval History and Heritage Command.</span></span></td></tr>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> In the days after the battle, officers of Farragut’s
squadron composed their after-action reports to the Admiral. Some of these
contain almost humorous recollections. Captain John B. Marchand of the USS <i>Lackawanna</i> wrote that he closed with the
Confederate ironclad CSS <i>Tennessee</i>,
and for a brief period the two warships lay side-to-side. As he gazed into one
of the open gun-ports on the Confederate ironclad, he found himself in a
stare-down with a Confederate sailor manning one of the <i>Tennessee’s</i> guns. The Confederate sailor unleashed a blistering
epithet of profanity at the Union officer. His men adjacent to him heard this
and, insulted by this affront to their officer’s honor, redoubled the pace of
their re-loading and discharge of small arms fire into the open gun-ports of the
enemy ship, along with throwing anything solid in their possession at Confederate
sailors visible through the ports, if they did not wield a weapon.</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">After the surrender of the <i>Tennessee</i>, Cdr. William E. Le Roy, captain of the USS <i>Ossipee</i>, lay alongside the stricken
Confederate ironclad and called out to his good friend, CSN Cdr. James D.
Johnston, to come aboard for some cold water and “<i>something better than that for you down below</i>.” Interestingly,
Farragut himself did not go aboard the <i>Tennessee</i>
to accept Buchanan’s surrender. He sent Acting Volunteer Lt. Pierre Giraud to
take possession of the Admiral’s sword, and subsequently sent Fleet Surgeon
Palmer aboard to assist CSN Surgeon Conrad in caring for Buchanan and the other
wounded. Although Farragut and Buchanan had served together aboard USN warships,
and knew each other, the relationship was purely professional and a friendship between
the two had never developed. Buchanan was sent to Pensacola to recuperate,
despite Confederate Gen. Page’s request that he be sent to Mobile.</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"></span></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Losses on the Confederate side were remarkably light,
considering the overwhelming superiority of the Union in terms of number of
guns. Twelve Confederate sailors were killed (most on the other gunboats, only
two on the <i>Tennessee</i>), and 20
wounded, although every Confederate warship was lost (sunk or captured). The “butcher’s
bill” on the Union side was quite a bit more severe; 93 men lost when the <i>Tecumseh</i> went down, and Farragut
reported 52 of his sailors killed and 170 wounded on the other ships. Landsman
John Lawson, an African American sailor on the <i>Hartford </i>serving on a gun crew, <a href="http://www.civilwarnavy150.blogspot.com/2011/02/black-history-month-highlight-medal-of.html">received the Medal of Honor authorized by the US Congress (now called the “Congressional Medal of Honor”) for his gallantry during the action</a>.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vvLfnj6l9rs/U-FegCUIuFI/AAAAAAAAAio/TPKfIdX_-Hg/s1600/View+of+the+fleet+from+Ft.+Morgan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-vvLfnj6l9rs/U-FegCUIuFI/AAAAAAAAAio/TPKfIdX_-Hg/s1600/View+of+the+fleet+from+Ft.+Morgan.jpg" height="264" width="320" /></a></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">View of the Union fleet from Ft. Morgan after capture. Alabama Historical Society.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Forts Powell and Gaines surrendered not long after the
defeat of the Confederate flotilla, and after a few days of bombardment, Fort
Morgan also surrendered. Although the City of Mobile would not be taken by Union
forces until the spring of next year (April 1865), the Union now had complete
control of Mobile Bay and essentially closed down Mobile as a destination for
blockade runners for the rest of the war.</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Much legend has accumulated over what Farragut
actually said in the early stages of the battle, as things appeared to
deteriorate after the loss of the monitor <i>Tecumseh</i>.
An article in the most recent <i>Naval History</i>
magazine analyzes this in detail based on “ear-witness” accounts. It appears
obvious that he made a statement that struck a chord with those around him. No
matter what exactly he said, I think we have to acknowledge that it ranks right
up there with other legendary statements in U.S. Navy history, including John
Paul Jones’ “<i>Sir, I have not yet begun to
fight</i>.” and George Dewey’s “<i>You may
fire when you are ready, Gridley</i>.”</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YVfEG-iKf2A/U-FewhTspNI/AAAAAAAAAiw/Q7zjZE9EbwE/s1600/David_Farragut_WWI_poster.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YVfEG-iKf2A/U-FewhTspNI/AAAAAAAAAiw/Q7zjZE9EbwE/s1600/David_Farragut_WWI_poster.jpg" height="320" width="211" /></a></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">U.S. Navy recruiting poster from WW I, showing Farragut and his famous order. Wikipedia/U.S. Navy archives.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-38385052941756163722014-08-05T08:29:00.000-04:002014-08-05T08:29:00.851-04:00The Best Place to Experience The Battle of Mobile Bay is at the NMUSN<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IlxavG2aWmo/U-DHnZEZoDI/AAAAAAAAADM/T5KPLGtQGwY/s1600/DSC_3806.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IlxavG2aWmo/U-DHnZEZoDI/AAAAAAAAADM/T5KPLGtQGwY/s1600/DSC_3806.JPG" height="171" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Fife Rail and Wheel of USS </i>Hartford</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
On this day 150 years ago, Admiral David Glasgow Farragut made history. After a dazzling victory at New Orleans early in the war, Admiral Farragut spent the next several years fighting through the Mississippi River. By the middle of 1864, it became necessary to capture Mobile Bay, the South's last major port city on the Gulf Coast. Capturing it would help tighten the anaconda-like grip on the southern coastline.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Hartford <i>Cathead</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The bright August morning proved to be one of the most surprising achievements in Farragut's long and distinguished career. Now a century and a half later, many of the relics left to commemorate the ships and men of the battle are long gone. The <i>Hartford</i>, one of the most iconic ships of the Civil War, is broken up and scattered to different museums and institutions around the United States. How then do you decide where to see the best collection of artifacts from the battle during the Civil War sesquicentennial?<br />
<br />
For those of us who could not make the trek down south for the sesquicentennial anniversary, <a href="http://www.al.com/news/mobile/index.ssf/2014/08/over_10000_spectators_enjoy_15.html#incart_river">many visitors commented it was an event worthy of its name and place in history</a>. Fortunately, Civil War enthusiasts still have an opportunity to see several some of the relics of the battle. There is no better place to share this connection between past and present than the National Museum of the United States Navy (NMUSN) at the Washington Navy Yard.<br />
<br />
NMUSN Curator Jennifer Marland took me around to several of the artifacts of Admiral Farragut and the Battle of Mobile Bay. She showed me her favorite piece of the collection, a small series of sketches depicting the battle. "So many paintings and sketches surfaced after the battle, some coming weeks and even years later," said Marland. "I really like this sketch from crew members present at the battle. You get a better sense of what these sailors really experienced." The sketch, albeit crude and hastily put together, tells the story of a sailor's front row seat to one of the United States Navy's greatest battles.<br />
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Other interesting items in the National Museum of the United States Navy collection includes Admiral Farragut's presentation cane, a large model of <i>Hartford</i>, a cathead, ship bell, and surrender letter from Ft. Gaines.<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Naval Mine at NMUSN</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<b>Why are these torpedoes important today? </b><br />
Although Admiral Farragut may or may not have said the immortal words "Damn the Torpedoes, Full Speed Ahead," the crafty countermeasure still proved an effective defense on the 5th, sinking the <i>Tecumseh</i> in the process. The artifacts on display at NMUSN are a constant reminder that every great piece of naval history comes with a price. <br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-D_neCfsOIuM/U-DLjEiEsaI/AAAAAAAAADg/lYUNFdw4xA8/s1600/DSC_3803.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-D_neCfsOIuM/U-DLjEiEsaI/AAAAAAAAADg/lYUNFdw4xA8/s1600/DSC_3803.JPG" height="266" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br />
The <a href="http://www.history.navy.mil/branches/org8-1.htm">National Museum of the United States Navy</a> is open Monday to Friday from 9:00am to 5:00pm.<br /><br />
Special Thanks to Jennifer Marland for giving me an in depth tour of the NMUSN gallery.<br />
<br />Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01520357948612296575noreply@blogger.com0Washington Navy Yard, Washington, DC, USA38.8746334 -76.99454730000002238.8684524 -77.004632300000026 38.8808144 -76.984462300000018tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-2828191639161793112014-08-04T17:56:00.001-04:002014-08-04T18:02:29.040-04:00Battle of Mobile Bay II - The Battle 5 August 1864<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8dXBdJl4DoI/U9_9UtKS5mI/AAAAAAAAAh0/Bps4_luZwUA/s1600/Mobile+Bay+actions+5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8dXBdJl4DoI/U9_9UtKS5mI/AAAAAAAAAh0/Bps4_luZwUA/s1600/Mobile+Bay+actions+5.jpg" height="234" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Painting depicting the Battle of Mobile Bay. This is the "header" illustration at the Home Page of this Blog Site. In the right center, the monitor USS <i>Tecumseh </i>is going down after hitting a Confederate torpedo. The two columns of Union warships (ironclads in the foreground and double-lashed warships in the background) are shown. Fort Morgan is on the left, with the Confederate Navy warships in the lower left corner of the image. Library of Congress.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Early on the morning of August 5, 1864, aboard his
flagship USS <i>Hartford</i>, Adm. David G.
Farragut finished breakfast with his flag captain, Capt. Percival Drayton.
Rising from the table, he said, “<i>Well, Drayton, we might as well get under
way</i>.” Orders to the deck were passed through the Boatswains and their mates
aboard 18 Union Navy warships (14 wooden ships and 4 ironclads). The Union
fleet formed up and began steaming towards the entrance to Mobile Bay. Aboard
four Confederate Navy warships (one ironclad and three gunboats), and in Forts
Morgan and Gaines, Confederate sailors and soldiers eyed the approaching fleet
and finished loading their guns.</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Similar to what he had done at Port Hudson on the
Mississippi River, Farragut had his crews lash each of the smaller gunboats
side-by-side with a larger steam sloop-of-war. The thinking was that if one of
the warships became disabled, the other could power it to safety. The sloops
were also all “screw” sloops, powered by a propeller beneath the stern of the
ship. A few of the gunboats were side-wheel steamers; the sloops could take
more punishment from Confederate gunfire as opposed to the highly vulnerable
side-wheels on the gunboats. As the squadron entered the mouth of Mobile Bay,
the larger sloop was on the starboard, or eastern, side of each pair of
warships, facing nearby Fort Morgan. Adm. Franklin Buchanan, aboard his
flagship the ironclad CSS <i>Tennessee</i>,
positioned his flotilla of CSN warships inside the mouth of the Bay and
northwest of Fort Morgan where they could rake the ships of the incoming Union
squadron with maximal effect.</span></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">The first shot was fired at 6:45 AM by one of the Union
monitors and by 7:15, the action was general, with almost all of Farragut’s
warships engaging the Confederates and the forts firing on the Union ships. As
the action proceeded, smoke from the discharge of the guns began to accumulate,
despite a westerly breeze blowing. Farragut gradually inched his way up the
main ratlines to see over the smoke and observe what his fleet was doing,
ending up just below the main top. Someone eventually noticed the Admiral’s precarious
position and pointed it out to Drayton, who sent the Quartermaster up with a
line to wrap around the Admiral and secure him to some main shrouds.</span></span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IBMqZH-OuN8/U9_-jne1-rI/AAAAAAAAAiA/9BAGXSd3Dwc/s1600/Mobile+Bay+actions+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IBMqZH-OuN8/U9_-jne1-rI/AAAAAAAAAiA/9BAGXSd3Dwc/s1600/Mobile+Bay+actions+1.jpg" height="281" width="320" /></a></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Drawing of the USS <i>Hartford </i>engaging the CSS <i>Tennessee</i>. Naval History and Heritage Command.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Farragut had organized his fleet in two columns; the
wooden warships lashed together in pairs in one column, and the four ironclads
in a separate column in front of the warships. As the ironclads entered the
Bay, Buchanan had the <i>Tennessee</i> moved
to the west a bit to get a better angle of fire on the Union ships. Captain
Tunis A. M. Craven of the monitor USS <i>Tecumseh</i>
spied the Confederate ironclad and ordered his ship to make straight for her to
engage. This resulted in the Union warship entering a mine field of “torpedoes”
placed by the Confederates to restrict the entrance into Mobile Bay. The <i>Tecumseh</i> detonated one of these and sank
in minutes, taking 93 men down with her, including Capt. Craven. Farragut’s
carefully conceived battle plan was falling apart, as the lead pair of
warships, the <i>Brooklyn</i> and <i>Octorara</i>, began to back their engines to
avoid the sinking ironclad and her three consorts which followed. The entire
Union fleet was in danger of degrading into an entangled mass of warships under
the guns of Fort Morgan and the Confederate Navy flotilla when Farragut ordered
that the <i>Hartford</i> and <i>Metacomet</i> steer around the <i>Brooklyn</i>, which would take the two ships
deeper into the mine field. When told of this, he then uttered his now
legendary order “D___ the torpedoes, full speed ahead.” (other accounts
indicate he said “go ahead, go ahead” and still others that he said “Ring four bells,
eight bells, sixteen bells!”, emphasizing the signal to the engine room to go full speed ahead).</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">The battle then became somewhat “pell-mell” after its
beginning. Buchanan attempted to ram several Union warships, starting with the <i>Hartford</i>, and several of the Union
warships attempted to ram the <i>Tennessee</i>.
Farragut ordered the <i>Metacomet</i>
unlashed from aside the <i>Hartford</i> to
begin dealing with the three CSN gunboats, while he focused on the <i>Tennessee</i>. At one point, the two
flagships were side-by-side against each other, what guns could bear blasting
away at point blank range. Eventually the remaining three Union ironclads
joined the fray and began to pound away at the <i>Tennessee</i> with their XI- and XV-inch Dahlgren guns, damaging many
of the shutters covering the Confederate warship’s gun-ports and rendering them
unable to open so the guns could fire. Eventually a shot from the ironclad USS <i>Chickasaw</i> damaged the vulnerable
steering chains of the <i>Tennessee</i>.
Relieving tackles were rigged, but these too were soon shot away. The <i>Tennessee</i> was crippled; she couldn’t
maneuver and she couldn’t bring a gun to bear on the Union warships.</span></span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lJAdi5Ig3N8/U9_-6Kpbo3I/AAAAAAAAAiI/d7OlDA22Nw8/s1600/Mobile+Bay+actions+4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lJAdi5Ig3N8/U9_-6Kpbo3I/AAAAAAAAAiI/d7OlDA22Nw8/s1600/Mobile+Bay+actions+4.jpg" height="231" width="320" /></a></span></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Painting showing the <i>Hartford </i>and <i>Tennessee </i>engaged, with the Union monitor gunboats closing in on the combat to attack the <i>Tennessee</i>. Library of Congress</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">The CSS <i>Tennessee</i>
surrendered about 10:00 AM that morning. The Confederate gunboat CSS <i>Morgan</i> ran into shallow water to escape
the Union gunboats and grounded. The CSS <i>Gaines</i>
was hit by Union gunfire and ran into shallow water under the guns of Fort
Morgan. Eventually this CSN warship sank. The CSS <i>Selma</i> tried to escape back to Mobile but the faster USS <i>Metacomet</i> ran her down, delivered some
punishing blows from her guns, and forced the surrender of the Confederate
warship.</span><span style="line-height: 115%;"> </span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">As the gunfire died out, the clouds of powder
smoke began to dissipate, and dazed sailors looked around to see whom of their
mates might still be alive.</span></span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-h3ctKH3PJcM/U9__UPlxCeI/AAAAAAAAAiQ/u32Z9EoyIGk/s1600/Mobile+Bay+actions+3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-h3ctKH3PJcM/U9__UPlxCeI/AAAAAAAAAiQ/u32Z9EoyIGk/s1600/Mobile+Bay+actions+3.jpg" height="203" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Painting showing the surrender of the CSS <i>Tennessee</i>. In the left center of the image, Confederate flag captain Cdr. James D. Johnston can be seen hauling down the Confederate flag at the stern of the <i>Tennessee</i>. Naval History and Heritage Command.</span></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-20452325169706303262014-08-03T14:13:00.000-04:002014-08-03T14:39:15.450-04:00Battle of Mobile Bay I - The Ships and Fleets<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zhjIdup5bQw/U955bhesYHI/AAAAAAAAAhc/PvjNz9e3Q38/s1600/CSS+Tennessee.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zhjIdup5bQw/U955bhesYHI/AAAAAAAAAhc/PvjNz9e3Q38/s1600/CSS+Tennessee.jpg" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Confederate ironclad CSS <i>Tennessee</i>. Naval History and Heritage Command.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">This week we observe the 150th Anniversary of the epic
Battle of Mobile Bay, one of the largest naval battles of the Civil War. On the
Union side, Admiral David G. Farragut commanded the naval forces and Major Gen.
Gordon Granger was in command of army troops. On the Confederate side, Admiral
Franklin Buchanan commanded the grey navy warships and General Richard L. Page
commanded CS Army forces from his headquarters in Fort Morgan.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">Farragut’s flagship was the steam sloop-of-war USS <i>Hartford</i>. At a length of 225 feet and
displacing 2,900 tons, she was one of the U.S. Navy’s newer and most powerful warships.
Powered by square-rigged sail plan and steam engines, she was launched in November
1858. She packed a battery of twenty IX(9)-in Dahlgren smoothbore guns mounted in
broadside, two 20-pdr Parrott Rifles, and two 12-pdr Dahlgren boat howitzers.
Earlier in the war, Farragut had steamed the <i>Harford</i> up the Mississippi to run by Forts St. Philip and Jackson,
capture New Orleans, and eventually help Gen. Grant conquer Vicksburg. She was
a seasoned combat veteran. Farragut’s squadron included the gunboats USS <i>Brooklyn</i>, <i>Richmond</i> (both sister ships to <i>Hartford</i>),
<i>Lackawanna</i>, <i>Monongahela</i>, <i>Ossipee</i>, <i>Oneida</i>, <i>Octorara</i>, <i>Metacomet</i>, <i>Port Royal</i>, <i>Seminole</i>, <i>Kennebec</i>, <i>Itasca</i>, and <i>Galena</i>. This squadron of wooden gunboats was supported by four “monitor”
type ironclads, two of which were the newer <i>Canonicus</i>-Class,
USS <i>Manhattan</i> and <i>Tecumseh</i>, and two double-turreted <i>Milwaukee</i>-Class river monitors, USS <i>Chickasaw</i> and <i>Winnebago</i>.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">On the Confederate side, Farragut was opposed by salty
old Franklin “Old Buck” Buchanan. Buchanan’s flagship was the casemated ironclad CSS
<i>Tennessee</i>. With a length of 209 feet,
and displacing 1,273 tons, <i>Tennessee</i>
was armored with three layers of iron plating. On the flanks were two 2” thick layers
of plates and one 1” thick layer. The bow section was encased with three layers
of 2” plates. <i>Tennessee</i> was armed
with two 7” Brooke rifles mounted “in pivot” (on tracks so they could fire in
multiple directions) and four 6.4” Brooke rifles mounted in broadside. Some
considered the Brooke rifle the finest naval heavy gun of its day, and with
this battery, the <i>Tennessee</i> was perhaps
one of the most formidable warships yet built by the Confederacy. Supporting
Franklin in the <i>Tennessee</i> were the
wooden gunboats CSS <i>Morgan</i>, <i>Selma</i>, and <i>Gaines</i>. The <i>Selma</i> was initially
named the CSS <i>Florida</i> and
participated (against the USS <i>Huntsville</i>)
in <a href="http://www.civilwarnavy150.blogspot.com/2011/12/first-naval-engagement-at-mobile-bay.html">the first naval combat engagement of gunboats in Mobile Bay on Christmas Eve, 1861</a>. Supporting the CSN fleet was Fort Morgan, on the east side of the
entrance to Mobile Bay, Fort Gaines, on the west side of the entrance, and Fort
Powell, on the inside of the Bay guarding the entrance to the Mississippi
Sounds.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 115%;">The stage was set, and the actors assembled. Now
it was only a tense waiting game before the drama began.</span></span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Zkpm5l2LjEw/U956f5BGZ_I/AAAAAAAAAhk/8Fj0paT49-g/s1600/USS+Hartford.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Zkpm5l2LjEw/U956f5BGZ_I/AAAAAAAAAhk/8Fj0paT49-g/s1600/USS+Hartford.jpg" height="202" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">USS <i>Hartford</i>. Library of Congress, Civil War Photographs Collection.</td></tr>
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Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-78942153994810634342014-06-22T08:06:00.000-04:002014-06-22T08:06:13.450-04:00An Unusual Civil War Cemetery<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IBfYS__AzMQ/U6bFW8Zu5wI/AAAAAAAAAhE/E1Qa6G0zxTo/s1600/James+King+grave.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IBfYS__AzMQ/U6bFW8Zu5wI/AAAAAAAAAhE/E1Qa6G0zxTo/s1600/James+King+grave.jpg" height="320" width="209" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Grave site of CSN Seaman James King. Naval History and Heritage Command.</span></td></tr>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This past Thursday,
June 19, was the 150th anniversary of the engagement of the USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kearsarge</i> and CSS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Alabama</i>, probably the second most famous ship-to-ship fight of the
Civil War after the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i> and <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Virginia</i>. This leads to the CW Navy
trivia question of the week; what is the only official Civil War historical
site outside of the U.S.? The answer is, the City of Cherbourg, France. In a
cemetery on a hillside overlooking the French port city lie the graves of three
seamen, two Confederate and one Union. The Confederate seamen are George
Appleby and James King, killed on the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Alabama</i>
during the engagement. The Union sailor is William Gowen, who was rescued
adrift in the waters of the English Channel. He was brought to shore and died
eight days later, of wounds he received while serving on the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kearsarge</i> in the combat. In September
2004, the Civil War Preservation Trust designated Cherbourg and its cemetery an
official site of the American Civil War. This is the only such site outside of
the U.S.</span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1aQX-M4enMk/U6bFizWkzmI/AAAAAAAAAhM/cG8ap7ENxg8/s1600/Kearsarge+deck+scene.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1aQX-M4enMk/U6bFizWkzmI/AAAAAAAAAhM/cG8ap7ENxg8/s1600/Kearsarge+deck+scene.jpg" height="252" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Deck scene on USS <i>Kearsarge </i>after the engagement with CSS <i>Alabama</i>. Naval History and Heritage Command.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-70582734029629461972014-06-14T12:47:00.000-04:002014-06-14T13:13:29.709-04:00Confederate capture of the USS Water Witch on the Georgia coast<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ADX4SEMCRnc/U5x7SRS-vbI/AAAAAAAAAgs/x2xAjn5jWbI/s1600/Chapt+4+Image+11.tiff" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ADX4SEMCRnc/U5x7SRS-vbI/AAAAAAAAAgs/x2xAjn5jWbI/s1600/Chapt+4+Image+11.tiff" height="240" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">USS <i>Water Witch</i>. Library of Congress archives.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Water Witch</i>
was a sidewheel steam gunboat (150’ in length; 378 tons). Commissioned into the
U.S. Navy in 1851, she spent her early years conducting surveys in South
America. When the Civil War broke out, she was initially assigned to blockading
service with the Gulf Blockading Squadron, but eventually was transferred to
the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron. She spent some time in the Florida
theatre, <a href="http://www.civilwarnavy150.blogspot.com/2012/09/us-navy-patrols-on-st-johns-river.html">participating in forays up the St. Johns River</a>, and then served on the
blockade of the Georgia coast.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In May 1864, Flag Officer William Hunter, commander of
the C.S. Navy Savannah River Squadron, issued orders to First Lt. Thomas Pelot
to assemble a raiding force to capture a Union gunboat stationed at the mouth
of the Little Ogeechee River. On 31 May, Pelot set out with a force of 117 men
and 14 officers recruited from various ships in the squadron. When they arrived
at Beaulieu Battery late that evening, they found that the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Water Witch</i>, their target, had weighed anchor to take up station in
St. Catherine’s Sound, to the south. Pelot did not let this dissuade him. He
sent out scouts to scan the coast for the enemy gunboat, which returned to the
station in Ossabaw Sound off the Little Ogeechee River the morning of 1 June.
Having located their target, the CSN raiding party set out late in the evening
of 2 June. They were guided by Moses Dallas, a free black pilot who had
rendered outstanding service to the Confederate Navy for over two years. His
knowledge of the local waters on the southeast Georgia coast was unmatched.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Water Witch</i>
was commanded by Lt. Commander Austin Pendergrast. In one of those
all-too-common twists of fate one encounters in war, Pendergrast and Pelot were
classmates in the U.S. Naval academy and were shipmates as Midshipmen on the
USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Independence</i>. The night of 2 June
was foggy and rainy. Pendergrast had set a deck watch to guard against a raid;
the officer of the deck that night was Acting Master’s Mate Eugene Parsons. He
spotted some of the approaching CSN boats and hailed them. At first the
Confederates replied “Contraband,” but after repeated hails Pelot yelled
“Rebels, d____ you!” Confederate seamen and officers swarmed onto the deck.
Parsons spun the ship’s battle rattle as a warning, but apparently for too
short a time to sound the alarm. The officers and crew of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Water Witch</i> were awakened by the sound
of gunfire and shouting on deck. The Union gunboat’s officers put up a gallant
defense, but oddly, most of the crew cowered below decks, along with the
engineering division. Lt. Pelot was killed in the initial rush onto the ship,
and command of the CSN raiders then went to Lt. Joseph Price. Their guide,
Moses Dallas, was also killed by a pistol shot from Parsons in the initial rush
on the Union ship.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Union men eventually succumbed to wounds and the
overwhelming numbers of the CSN raiders, the battle for the ship lasting about
20 minutes. One of the few Union bluejackets who did attempt to help the
officers defend the ship was Landsman Jeremiah Sills, an African American
seaman who is said to have stationed himself at the doorway to the ship’s arms
locker and kept coming out with loaded pistols which he fired at the CSN raiders.
The Confederates suffered 6 dead and 17 wounded, the Union 2 dead and 14
wounded. Pendergrast was wounded but survived. He was subsequently
court-martialed and found guilty of “culpable inefficiency in the discharge of
duty.” The victorious Confederates steamed up the Vernon River with the ship,
towards Savannah, hoping to convert her to a C.S. Navy gunboat. They never had
the chance to do this and the ship was sunk at her moorings in December 1864 as
Union Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman and his men closed in on Savannah.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Today, you can board and tour a full-size replica of the
USS/CSS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Water Witch</i> at the Port
Columbus National Museum of Civil War Naval History in Columbus, Georgia.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lIoNo813_aU/U5x7032lXYI/AAAAAAAAAg0/nQFenPma_E0/s1600/USS+Water+Witch.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lIoNo813_aU/U5x7032lXYI/AAAAAAAAAg0/nQFenPma_E0/s1600/USS+Water+Witch.jpg" height="180" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">USS/CSS <i>Water Witch</i> at the Port Columbus Civil War Naval Museum. Author's photo.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-30482856761033749482014-05-31T09:40:00.000-04:002014-05-31T09:40:18.177-04:00Lieutenant Gift's Raid at Apalachicola 1864<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4QCGvx8qjRY/U4nZoG2iPfI/AAAAAAAAAgI/rIys9lA3v3c/s1600/tApalachicola+1800s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-4QCGvx8qjRY/U4nZoG2iPfI/AAAAAAAAAgI/rIys9lA3v3c/s1600/tApalachicola+1800s.jpg" height="221" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Cotton warehouses at Apalachicola in the 1800s. Florida State Archives, Florida Memory Project</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">As I noted in an earlier post, the Confederate Navy never
really had a presence in Florida throughout the Civil War. There was some CSN
gunboat activity on the Apalachicola River in Florida, mainly in association
with protecting the important industrial center of Columbus, Georgia, upstream
on the Chattahoochee River. The main confederate warship operating on the river
was the steam sloop CSS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chattahoochee</i>,
which was <a href="http://www.civilwarnavy150.blogspot.com/2013/05/loss-of-css-chattahoochee-on.html">sunk by a boiler explosion</a> in May 1863. Eventually, the CSN
raised the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chattahoochee</i> and returned
her to Columbus for repair and refitting.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">George W. Gift joined the U.S. Navy in 1847 as a
Midshipman. He resigned his commission a few years later (1851) to go into
business for himself in the California territory on the west coast of the
growing United States. When the war broke out, he traveled back to the south to
join the Confederate Navy. He was an energetic and ambitious officer who served
in multiple theatres, including on the Mississippi River, in North Carolina,
and in Florida. He even caught the attention of Adm. Franklin Buchanan, who
regarded him highly. He served as an officer on the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chattahoochee</i> in 1863 under Lt. John J. Guthrie, left to serve in
North Carolina (where he was a participant in the CSN raid on the USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Underwriter</i>), then returned to Florida
where he was given command of the refitted <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chattahoochee</i>.</span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">During his first term of service on the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Chattahoochee</i>, he proposed to Lt.
Guthrie a plan to take a CSN raiding party downriver into Apalachicola Bay to
attempt to capture the Union gunboat USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Port
Royal</i>. He never got the chance to do this, but now back in Florida, and
still flush with the success of the raid on the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Underwriter</i>, he determined to implement his earlier plan. On 3 May
1864 he set out from Georgia in the steamer <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Swan</i>
with a force of Confederate sailors and some soldiers. The force assembled at
the Town of Apalachicola on 12 May. That night, they set out in boats to try to
capture the USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Adela</i>; a fast,
sidewheel steamer that was itself a captured confederate blockade runner.
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Volunteer Lt. W. Budd. Most of the CSN raiding party returned to land and
escaped through town. Gift and the men remaining with him were able to outrun
the USN boats in their launch and escape back upriver. Thus ended one of the
rare C.S. Navy military activities in Florida during the war.</span></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-R-7YJ9hK_Kc/U4nauwYUi-I/AAAAAAAAAgU/Raa4deatgA8/s1600/CSS+Florida.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-R-7YJ9hK_Kc/U4nauwYUi-I/AAAAAAAAAgU/Raa4deatgA8/s1600/CSS+Florida.jpg" height="216" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CSS <i>Florida</i>. The CSS <i>Chattahoochee </i>looked similar to this. Naval History and Heritage Command.</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-30902790626097386862014-05-23T07:46:00.000-04:002014-05-24T06:52:35.643-04:00Ambush of the USS Columbine on the St. Johns River, Florida<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3Q-CYtq9oXw/U38yvPrhvDI/AAAAAAAAAfw/H-GlvXSRC3U/s1600/J.J.+Dickison.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3Q-CYtq9oXw/U38yvPrhvDI/AAAAAAAAAfw/H-GlvXSRC3U/s1600/J.J.+Dickison.jpg" height="320" width="239" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Confederate cavalry Capt. John J. Dickison. Florida State Archives, Florida Memory Project.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">One of the Confederate heroes of the war in Florida was
Capt. John Jackson Dickison. He was born in Virginia, but moved to Florida
prior to the war and established a plantation north of current-day Ocala. At
the start of the Civil War, he joined the Confederate military effort and
established two army units before finally assembling Company H of the Second
Florida Cavalry, C.S. He acquired a detailed knowledge of the back roads and
terrain of the Florida peninsula, which made him a constant threat to Union
military actions, and time and time again, he waged an audacious guerilla
campaign which constantly embarrassed and defeated the Union Army.</span></span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In April 1864, Union General George H. Gordon received
intelligence that his troops garrisoned in Volusia, Florida, might be besieged
by Confederate forces. He marshaled his resources and on 21 May 1864, he
departed Jacksonville with troops upriver on Army transports, accompanied by
the gunboat USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ottawa</i> (a “90-day”
gunboat) and the armed tugboat USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Columbine</i>.
They arrived at Volusia, and found that the garrison there was not at all threatened.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Gen. Gordon departed northward by land with his forces to
return to Jacksonville, and had the navy flotilla accompanying him return by
river to the city. The <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ottawa</i> headed
downriver with the Army transports and left the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Columbine</i> at Volusia for another day or so to provide additional
fire support “just in case.” Capt. Dickison actually attacked the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ottawa</i> and its transports while they
were at anchor off Picolata on 22 May 1864. He found out from intelligence
picked up by some sly southern ladies that the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Columbine</i> would be coming back downriver in the next couple days.</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Dickison deployed two field guns and his sharpshooters in
the swamps on the banks of the St. Johns River near a location known as Horse
Landing. The afternoon of 23 May 1864, a smudge of coal smoke on the upriver
horizon indicated that the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Columbine</i>
was coming down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Surprisingly, her
commander, Acting Ensign Frank Sanborn, expected a possible ambush at Horse
Landing and had his guns fire a few shells into the adjacent swamps. Dickison
and his men took cover and re-manned their positions after the USN gunboat
ceased firing. As the tug passed by at a range of about 60 yards, Dickison’s
men opened fire. The first salvos were deadly, disabling the ship’s rudder,
killing most of the men in the pilothouse, and causing other damage. Although
Sanborn and his crew put up a gallant defense, many of the men on board were
African-american soldiers and feared for their lives, so they began to jump
overboard and try to make their way to shore. Sanborn surrendered the ship and
remaining crew to Dickison, who confiscated all of the weaponry and supplies he
could off of the ship, including its two Dahlgren boat howitzers. He then
burned and sank the ship due to fears that the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ottawa</i> would be back upriver soon to provide defense/revenge.</span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">This was the first known defeat/sinking of a
U.S. Navy vessel by a land based force. “Urban legend” has it that Confederate
Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest heard about this action and, determined to not let
some “Florida cracker” get all this glory, attacked and sunk a number of Union
vessels (both warships and transports) on the Mississippi. I’m not so sure
about this, myself. I think both Dickison and Forrest were “cut from the same
type of cloth” and conducted their actions independently. Any thoughts or
clarification from our devoted readers out there would<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>be welcome.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;"> </span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aRjQi2YUUrk/U38zTiQsySI/AAAAAAAAAf4/PX1rNOHRNIE/s1600/Attack+on+Columbine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aRjQi2YUUrk/U38zTiQsySI/AAAAAAAAAf4/PX1rNOHRNIE/s1600/Attack+on+Columbine.jpg" height="186" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Dickison and his forces attacking the <i>Columbine </i>on the St. Johns River. Florida State Archives, Florida Memory Project.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-1246555606447862592014-04-19T10:12:00.000-04:002014-04-19T10:12:00.328-04:00Navy 'Changed Trajectory of the War'
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MW7XdC4j630/U1KDZGWegnI/AAAAAAAAAGk/GpoGCjbhaIE/s1600/british+vesselcs+captured.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-MW7XdC4j630/U1KDZGWegnI/AAAAAAAAAGk/GpoGCjbhaIE/s1600/british+vesselcs+captured.jpg" height="242" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<strong>1862 illustration shows captured British blockade runners. (U.S. Navy)</strong></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Navy "changed the
trajectory of the war" was the way one of the nation's leading historians
described the service's contribution to the ultimate Union victory in 1865.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Speaking April 16 at the United
States Naval Institute's annual meeting in Washington, Dr. Craig Symonds,
co-winner of the 2009 Lincoln Prize for his <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lincoln
and His Admirals</i>, said the blockade of Confederate ports from the Carolinas
on the Atlantic to the Texas Gulf Coast "was the largest enterprise the
Navy undertook," ultimately involving more than 500 ships, more than 400
of them converted merchantmen -- "the last time that was still possible,"
and 100,000 men.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The Union Navy transformed itself
from a fleet of 42 ships scattered around the globe or in ordinary at shipyards
with a few thousand officers and experienced tars in 1861 to a technologically
adept force with rifled guns, iron-plated, screw propellers, etc. operating
with a "changed lower deck" of "volunteers. contrabands from the
South, free blacks from the North" in 1865.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">When President Abraham Lincoln
announced the blockade, Symonds, a professor emeritus of history at the Naval
Academy, contends that he and Secretary of State William Seward understood that
it "was an act of war" and implied "a kind of recognition"
of the Confederacy.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">But it proved hugely advantageous
for the Union.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Great Britain. while
acknowledging the Confederacy as a belligerent, declared itself neutral in the
North American war and by doing that effectively closed off its ports,
particularly important in the Caribbean, to Confederate privateers or later its
commerce raiders trying to sell off their captured "prizes."</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">But the reality of blockade is
actually far more difficult than simply declaring it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>"You actually have to do it" over
3,500 miles of coast with 189 harbors and navigable inlets. "Maintaining
it was hard work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Blockade service
[meant] days that were long and tedious ... in all weather.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Usually at night and often in rain or
drizzle, the blockade runners were creeping in and out of Southern ports.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">It did work on a number of
levels, Symonds said, including persuading a large number of foreign
ship-owners never to risk their vessels in a race for safety and riches in a
Confederate harbor. The blockade caused "the slow asphyxiation" of
the rebellion and "very likely made the war shorter."</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">With the profit motive of
privateering proving to be a myth, the Confederacy turned to buying ships
overseas for commerce raiding.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Led by
James D. Bulloch, a onetime officer in the United States Navy and experienced
merchant marine officer, the Jefferson Davis government put to sea a
"dozen or so" of these ships, most notably <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Alabama</i> that destroyed 284 American merchantmen over the course of
the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Indeed, the Confederate Navy's
Civil War didn't end until November 1865 when <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Shenandoah </i>returned to Liverpool, having destroyed a number of
American whalers operating in the Pacific -- after Robert E. Lee's surrender at
Appomattox.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">The commerce raiders were an
interesting story all their own.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They were
officered by Confederates, but the overwhelming majority of the crew were
British, Scot, Irish and French "who didn't think much" of promises
of future fortunes for all when the Union threw in the towel. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>"They were in it for the money"
immediately. When the prize money remained empty promises and the risks great,
many deserted. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Commerce raiding "was a
great idea for the Confederacy" because it caused maritime insurance rates
to skyrocket and caused American-flagged vessels to change registry<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to avoid destruction.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">But in the end, the commerce
raiders "did not bring Lincoln to the negotiating table" nor did they
weaken the blockade. </span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">For the greater part of the war,
the Army and Navy operated separately even when fighting in the same area.
Think New Orleans; think Charleston.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Yet
from the war's start on the<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>rivers lying
west of the Appalachians to the Mississippi, combined operations proved very
successful at Forts Henry and Donelson and Island Number 10 -- keeping Kentucky
in the Union and splintering Tennessee. Joint operations also set the stage for
Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant to take his army from positions west of Vicksburg,
Miss., where it had been stymied for months<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>to crossing the river and laying a siege that closed off any escape to
the east by large numbers of Confederate soldiers now trapped in the river
city.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Effective but time-consuming.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">More dramatically, at New
Orleans, then Capt. David Glasgow Farragut didn't wait for the Army and blasted
his way past the forts below the Confederacy's largest city and most important
trading port to capture the city with ocean-going frigates in the spring of
1862.</span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Official Washington loved that
dash and rewarded Farragut with promotion.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>The Navy Department wanted more of it. Its leadership thought it had
just the man, Capt. Samuel F. DuPont, who had captured Port Royal, S.C., and
turned it into the base for the Atlantic blockade. And, more to the point, he
would have ironclads.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">At Charleston, DuPont certainly
felt the heat from Assistant Navy Secretary Gustavus Fox and to a lesser extent
from Navy Secretary Gideon Welles to keep his attack on the birthplace of
secession an "all Navy affair." The "attack." in spring
1863" was a disaster.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The
invincible ironclads of Fox's and Welles' dreams were ineffective, at best.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Mine and obstacles channeled the vessels into
deadly fields of fire from artillery ashore and in the island forts. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ironclads minus disabled <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Keokuk<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span></i>had no choice but to retreat to safety.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Keokuk </i>eventually
sank off Morris Island. In fact, Charleston remained in Confederate hands until
the last few weeks of the war when i</span>john gradyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17664823932989623684noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-2117739108373409382014-04-06T17:07:00.000-04:002014-04-06T17:07:33.791-04:00Sinking of the Union transport steamer Maple Leaf<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QS0sIY7UBGc/U0G-xs1fr2I/AAAAAAAAAfY/HewYl4_BJns/s1600/Torpedoed+steamers+St.+Johns+River.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QS0sIY7UBGc/U0G-xs1fr2I/AAAAAAAAAfY/HewYl4_BJns/s1600/Torpedoed+steamers+St.+Johns+River.jpg" height="187" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Alfred Waud sketch of torpedoed Union Steamers <i>Maple Leaf </i>and <i>General Hunter</i> on the St. Johns River, Florida. Source: Library of Congress Civil War photo archives.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">While Union Navy gunboats patrolled the St. Johns River
in Florida, the Union Army largely got around Florida by leasing civilian
steamers to transport their men, animals and equipment on the rivers and
coastal waters. The U.S. Steamer <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Maple
Leaf</i> was leased by the Army in 1862. A sidewheel steamer built in Canada to
transport people and freight, she headed south from Boston for service on the
St. Johns River in Florida.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In March 1864, Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard, in
charge of the coastal defenses of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, ordered
Lt. Col. M.B. Harris <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>to Florida to plant
torpedoes (what today we call mines) in the St. Johns River to try to deter
Union military activities, which were growing increasingly common on the river.
He was assisted by Capt. E.P. Bryan, already in Florida.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">In late March, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Maple
Leaf</i> landed troops and supplies at Jacksonville, then took aboard a group
of cavalry and headed upriver, where she landed them at Palatka. She departed
to return to Jacksonville the evening of 31 March. Early on the morning of 1
April, the steamer struck one of 12 torpedoes placed near Mandarin Point by
Harris and Bryan a couple days earlier. The steamer went down quickly, with
four crewmen killed. Sixty three other passengers, including some civilians and
women, evacuated from the steamer and made their way to Jacksonville in the
ship’s boats. In addition to the loss of lives, the steamer also went down with
most of the personal effects of three U.S. Army regiments, the 112th New York, 169th
New York, and 13th Indiana.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Jacksonville dentist Dr. Keith Holland, born and raised
in the city, always had an avid interest in the history of the Jacksonville
area and the St. Johns River. He became particularly interested in the story of
the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Maple Leaf</i> and in his spare time,
researched the details of the sinking of the steamer (which included trips to
Washington D.C). After much research, in June 1984 Keith and colleagues
discovered what they were sure was the wreck of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Maple Leaf</i> in the river bottom off Mandarin Point. Much of the
wreck was buried under river sediment, and after obtaining some funding, and
dealing with numerous permitting and legal issues, they began to excavate the
wreck, which confirmed its identity as the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Maple
Leaf</i>. Notably, their interest was not profit; nothing they brought up from
the wreck was sold for personal gain. All material they recovered was turned
over to the State of Florida after careful preservation work.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The wreck of the <i>Maple Leaf</i> turned out to be an immense
treasure trove of artifacts and material detailing the personal lives of Civil
War Army personnel. The material recovered from the wreck includes military
equipage (weapons, uniform buttons, other gear), personal effects (smoking
pipes, personal grooming and other items, bottles and flasks of various types),
and items plundered from raids on southern plantations (fine china, silverware,
etc.). Even “organic” items such as leather, paper, etc. have been recovered.
The anaerobic (=no oxygen) conditions of the St. Johns River bottom was an ideal
environment for the preservation of the artifacts. National Park Service
historian Dr. Ed Bearss has noted, “The wreck of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Maple Leaf</i> is unsurpassed as a source for Civil War material
culture.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>. . . It is the most important repository of
Civil War artifacts every found, and probably will remain so.”</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Many of the artifacts recovered from the wreck are
archived in the Florida Museum of History in Tallahassee, but some of the
artifacts, and a nice model and paintings of the Maple Leaf, are on display at
the Mandarin Museum in south Jacksonville (website below). On April 4-5, the
museum opened a special exhibit to observe the 150th Anniversary of the sinking
of the transport. They also had Union and Confederate living history displays
on the museum grounds for folks to learn about the lifestyles of these folks
during the war. Contributing blogger Seaman Rob was there with his Navy camp
and display to help educate folks about the role of the USN on the St. Johns
River during the war.</span></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QOosbMj_XLA/U0G_QiVWk5I/AAAAAAAAAfg/eJUrJY1JP28/s1600/20140405_133059.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-QOosbMj_XLA/U0G_QiVWk5I/AAAAAAAAAfg/eJUrJY1JP28/s1600/20140405_133059.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Living history displays at the April 4-5 commemoration of the <i>Maple Leaf</i>. Small Navy camp in foreground; note hammock slung beneath the lean-to. Author's photo.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">The Mandarin Museum web site:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.mandarinmuseum.net/"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.mandarinmuseum.net/</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Maple Leaf shipwreck web site:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.mapleleafshipwreck.com/index.htm"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">http://www.mapleleafshipwreck.com/index.htm</span></a></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
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Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-27490956311077112502014-03-06T21:36:00.000-05:002014-03-06T21:36:06.029-05:00March 6, 1864: Failed torpedo-boat attack on USS MemphisThe success of the <i>H.L. Hunley</i> on February 17, 1864, even if qualified by the loss of the submarine, gave reason for Confederate authorities at Charleston to attempt more torpedo-craft attacks. The next attempt was not in front of Charleston harbor, but rather to the southwest on the North Edisto River.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/50467989@N05/12980693414/" title="WestCharlestonFront by Craig Swain, on Flickr"><img alt="WestCharlestonFront" src="http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7346/12980693414_385d2d81d9.jpg" height="355" width="482" /></a><br />
<br />
Federals had not placed obstructions or taken other measures, as done on the Stono River, to deter Confederate attacks. And the USS <i>Memphis</i>, a former blockade runner herself, operated in the North Edisto. Acting Master Robert O. Patterson commanded the <i>Memphis</i>.<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-usn/usnsh-m/memphis.htm"><img alt="" class="alignnone" src="http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h46000/h46205.jpg" height="340" width="470" /></a><br />
<br />
With the <i>Hunley</i> gone, the <a href="http://markerhunter.wordpress.com/2013/03/25/torpedo-rams-part2/" target="_blank" title="150 years ago: “I firmly believe that such a vessel … would defy the Navy of the United States.”">Confederates employed the CSS <i>David</i> torpedo-boat</a>. The <i>David</i> employed a spar torpedo much like that successfully used on the <i>Hunley</i>. But the <i>David</i> could not submerge, and relied on a low profile to avoid detection during an attack.<br />
<br />
<br />
<a href="http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/sh-us-cs/csa-sh/csash-ag/david.htm"><img alt="" class="alignnone" src="http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h95000/h95242.jpg" height="222" width="463" /></a><br />
<br />
In late February the <i>David</i> transited the backwaters to reach Church Flats. On the night of March 4, First Assistant Engineer James H. Tomb skippered the <i>David</i> downriver to within sight of the <i>Memphis</i>. But the torpedo-boat's pumps failed and Tomb abandoned the attack. The following night, Tomb again moved the <i>David</i> downriver. And again the pumps failed. But this time the crew managed to resolve the problem. Tomb then proceeded to attack the <i>Memphis</i>:
<br />
<blockquote>
<i>About 12:30 a.m. [March 6], as we came within hailing distance, they hailed us, but we paid no attention to their hail, and the next moment they opened on us with small arms, the shot striking the steel cover did no harm. The next moment the "David" struck her on the port quarter about 8 feet below the surface. The blow was a good one, but the torpedo failed to explode.</i></blockquote>
Patterson reported his men first hailed the <i>David</i> around 1 a.m. as it approached, at a distance of fifty yards.
<br />
<blockquote>
<i>We immediately beat to quarters and slipped the chain; in an instant the torpedo was under our port quarter, and we could not bring a gun to bear on her. The watch being armed at the time, we were enabled to concentrate a rapid fire with muskets, revolvers, and pistols drawn up on her, and into what looked like a hatchway, nearly in the center; the rapid firing seemed to stop her progress....</i></blockquote>
Tomb then angled for a second attack:
<br />
<blockquote>
<i>We then made a turn to port and came back at her, striking her on the starboard quarter. At this time the Memphis was going through the water at good speed and the blow was a glancing one, passing under her counter, taking a portion of our stack away, but the torpedo failed again to explode.</i></blockquote>
Tomb then turned back upriver, with the <i>Memphis</i> firing on, but not hitting, the <i>David</i>.
<br />
<blockquote>
<i>When we reached Church Flats and made an examination of the torpedo we found the first blow was a good one, as the tube or cap on that side was mashed perfectly flat, and the glass tube containing the acid was broken, but being a defective tube it failed to explode. The second blow as not a good one, as the tube was slightly bent and the glass tube not broken. The expedition was a failure, caused by a defective tube. The torpedo held 95 pounds of rifle powder.</i></blockquote>
Captain Francis D. Lee, Chief of Engineers at Charleston and <a href="http://markerhunter.wordpress.com/2013/03/13/spar-torpedo-exp-charleston/" target="_blank" title="150 years ago: “The torpedo instantly exploded…. In twenty seconds the hull sank.”">designer of the torpedo used</a>, explained this failure:
<br />
<blockquote>
<i>As this occurrence may disturb the confidence heretofore felt in the torpedoes prepared by me, I deem it due to myself to state that about ten days since I saw Engineer Tomb, and in the presence of Mr. Theodore Stoney distinctly told him that the torpedo then on the "David" could not be relied upon, it having been exposed for the last six months to every vicissitude of weather and climate.</i></blockquote>
Lee suggested a new torpedo for the David, but Tomb departed without following up. Thus an opportunity to sink a second Federal steamer during the winter of 1864 eluded the Confederates.
In response to the attack, Captain Stephen C. Rowan, then acting commander of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, cautioned Patterson to take measures preventing another attack. Those recommendations indicate, as did the precautions ordered by Rear-Admiral John Dahlgren <a href="http://www.civilwarnavy150.blogspot.com/2014/02/there-being-every-reason-to-expect.html" target="_blank" title=""There being every reason to expect a visit...": Dahlgren's countermeasures against torpedo-boats ">earlier in January</a>, the Federals were well acquainted to the threat:
<br />
<blockquote>
<i>You will, if practicable, obtain from the shore suitable spars for outriggers, and take your studding sail booms and other spare spars for that purpose. Having prepared your outriggers with 6 or 7 inch hawser, and nets to hang some 8 feet below the surface of the water, you will be protected from torpedo boats, but you must use great vigilance, row guard, and keep your people at or near their guns, giving them rest during the day.</i></blockquote>
Those simple practices offered countermeasures against the feared spar torpedo in 1864.<br />
<br />
(<i>Citations from ORN, Series I, Volume 15, pages 356-9</i>.)Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10416337992138382544noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-47173464041277076342014-02-17T18:30:00.000-05:002014-02-17T18:37:53.027-05:00St. Andrews Bay Salt Works Raids Again<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FX6ybupYhCA/UwKaLhOoYqI/AAAAAAAAAfI/-XcoNTreDvw/s1600/Saltworks+marker03.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-FX6ybupYhCA/UwKaLhOoYqI/AAAAAAAAAfI/-XcoNTreDvw/s1600/Saltworks+marker03.jpg" height="320" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Historic marker in a public park in Panama City describing the salt works raids. Author's photo.</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">In a post in December (<a href="http://www.civilwarnavy150.blogspot.com/2013/12/st-andrews-bay-salt-works-raids.html">December 2013 post</a>), we called
attention to a major Union Navy raid on the Confederate salt works in St.
Andrews Bay. Because of the critical importance of salt, the Confederates very
quickly rebuilt the salt works in St. Andrews Bay after the Union forces
departed. The southerners would not give up!
Escaped slaves told Acting Master W.R. Browne of the bark USS<i> Restless</i> about this, and that
additional material was being transported down the Wetappo River to build
larger works in the Bay. He sent in two parties of his men to again destroy
these works. Browne reported on 17 February 1864:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">“<i>Learning
that the rebels had erected new Government salt works on West Bay, on the site
of the old salt works destroyed by us in December, and that they had a force of
50 men armed and stationed there for protection, I fitted out the first cutter,
manned with 13 men, under charge of Acting Ensign James J. Russell, with orders
to proceed up the Gulf coast 20 miles, and march inland 7 miles to the salt
works and attack them in the rear, while Acting Ensign Henry Eason with 10 men,
in command of the second cutter, would proceed by the inside passage and attack
them in the front at the same time.</i></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>The
expedition was entirely successful, the works being abandoned upon the
appearance of our men, Messrs. Russell’s and Eason’s party joining at the
appropriate time, and immediately proceeded in the destruction of everything in
the manufactories, consisting of 26 sheet-iron boilers, averaging 881 gallons,
and 19 kettles, averaging 200 gallons, making an aggregate of 26,706 gallons,
which cost in Montgomery $5.50 per gallon</i>.”<o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><span style="font-size: small;">
</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The redoubtable Browne would send in
additional raiding parties in March and April 1864. His determination and
initiative earned him a promotion to Acting Lieutenant.</span></span><o:p></o:p></span>Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-73474103557674544892014-02-17T18:17:00.000-05:002014-02-17T18:17:10.497-05:00More on the Hunley and the Housatonic<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As a follow-up to fellow blogger Craig Swain's neat post on the sinking of the USS <em>Housatonic</em> by the submarine CSS <em>Hunley</em>, here is a sketch by Alfred Waud of the event from the Library of Congress archives.</span><br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XhcnT2dA1eE/UwKX3_F2PSI/AAAAAAAAAe8/6wKTUuqb2JY/s1600/Destruction+of+Housatonic+by+Hunley.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-XhcnT2dA1eE/UwKX3_F2PSI/AAAAAAAAAe8/6wKTUuqb2JY/s1600/Destruction+of+Housatonic+by+Hunley.jpg" height="185" width="320" /></a></div>
Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-7156785282622904902014-02-14T13:13:00.000-05:002014-02-14T13:13:39.714-05:00"There being every reason to expect a visit...": Dahlgren's countermeasures against torpedo-boatsMonday marks the 150th anniversary of the sinking of the USS <i>Housatonic</i> by the <i>H.L. Hunley</i>. Rightfully so, the event is mainly remembered as the first successful submarine attack, foreshadowing the weapon's wide spread and significant use in the 20th century. At the same time the Confederates were preparing the <i>H.L. Hunley</i> alongside "David" torpedo boats, the Federal South Atlantic Blockading Squadron prepared and employed some of the first submarine and torpedo-boat countermeasures.<br />
<br />
Many of those countermeasures were described in an order from Rear-Admiral John Dahlgren, issued on January 7, 1864:<br />
<br />
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
I have reliable information that the rebels have two torpedo boats ready for service, which may be expected on the first night when the water is suitable for their movement. One of these is the "David," which attacked the Ironsides in October: the other is similar to it.<br />
<br />
There is also one of another kind, which is nearly submerged and can be entirely so. It is intended to go under the bottoms of vessels and there operate.<br />
<br />
This is believed by my informant to be sure of well working, though from bad management it has hitherto met with accidents, and was laying off Mount Pleasant two nights since.<br />
<br />
There being every reason to expect a visit from or all of these torpedoes, the greatest vigilance will be needed to guard against them.<br />
<br />
The ironclads must have their fenders rigged out and their own boats in motion about them.<br />
<br />
A netting must also be dropped overboard from the ends of the fenders, kept down with shot, and extending along the whole length of the sides; howitzers loaded with canister on the decks and a calcium [light] for each monitor. The tugs and picket boats must be incessantly upon the lookout, when the water is not rough, whether the weather be clear or rainy.<br />
<br />
I observe the ironclads are not anchored so as to be entirely clear of each other's fire if opened suddenly in the dark. This must be corrected, and Captain [Stephen C.] Rowan will assign the monitors suitable positions for this purpose, particularly with reference to his own vessel [USS Ironsides].<br />
<br />
It is also advisable not to anchor in the deepest part of the channel, for by not leaving much space between the bottom of the vessel and the bottom of the channel it will be impossible for the diving torpedo to operate except on the sides, and there will be less difficulty in raising a vessel if sunk. </blockquote>
<br />
Nets, patrolling boats, close-range guns, and spotlights - all components used to counter submarines in later conflicts. While convoy formations were not applicable to station-keeping off Charleston, the orders specified a defensive formation designed to repel attacks. In short, a respectable list of anti-submarine measures. Everything save perhaps some depth charges.<br />
<br />
Clearly directed to the skippers of the ironclad vessels, which primarily operated in the main ship channel off Morris Island, the orders did not address those ships operating further out from the harbor mouth on blockade duty. This was a miscalculation. One way to look at the sinking of the USS <i>Housatonic</i>, as the <i>Hunley</i> scored the first submarine victory in history, the Federals suffered the first failure to defend against that weapon. In that light, Dahglren's orders of January 7, 1864 are among the first pages in a long story about countermeasures taken to defeat the submarine.<br />
<br />
(<i>Citation from Official records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. ; Series I - Volume 15: South Atlantic Blockading Squadron (October 1, 1863 - September 30, 1864), pages 226-7</i>.)Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/10416337992138382544noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-56992140562683383432014-01-09T21:57:00.001-05:002014-01-09T22:01:29.276-05:00Save the Monitor Collection<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-size: large;">“I will stand by you to the last if I can help you.”<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"> </span>- LT John
Worden, USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.marinersmuseum.org/blogs/ussmonitorcenter/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Wet-Lab-RESIZED.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.marinersmuseum.org/blogs/ussmonitorcenter/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/Wet-Lab-RESIZED.jpg" height="266" width="400" /></a></div>
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<o:p> </o:p>A <i><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/va-museum-shuts-lab-with-uss-monitor-artifacts-citing-lack-of-federal-funds/2014/01/09/1bd0a7ca-78b7-11e3-b1c5-739e63e9c9a7_story.html">Washington
Post</a></i> article reported today that the <i>Monitor</i> Lab at the Mariners’ Museum
will shut down due to a lack of Federal funding. The Mariners’ Museum was Congressionally
designated to maintain the <i>Monitor</i>
artifacts since 1987. It currently holds
her turret, two cannons, propeller, and steam engine.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This news comes as a shock to many in the museum world.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The recent burial of two of her sailors who
went down with the ship in December 1862 garnered worldwide attention in March
of 2013.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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That ship might not have meant much to the men of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Virginia</i> when they first saw it steaming
into battle the morning of 8 March 1862.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>They mocked it.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It was mocked on
both sides.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some called it a “cheesebox
on a raft,” or a “tin can on a shingle.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Yet that seemingly insignificant object went on to change the course of
naval history forever.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Tested in
battle.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Upheld by a tradition of honor,
courage, and commitment lasting to this day.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>For every man and woman who wears a uniform, you are carrying the torch
once held by forty-nine brave officers and men, sixteen of which paid the
ultimate sacrifice nine months later in a storm off the North Carolina
Coast.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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I can only assume, reader, that you care about history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Otherwise, what else would bring you to this
blog?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Museums and institutions like the
Mariners’ Museum and USS <i>Monitor</i> Center work painstakingly hard.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>If you care about history…if you truly care,
please continue reading.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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I am not writing this because I have friends who work there
or have worked there in the past.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am
not writing this as a crusade because the <i>Monitor</i> is a legendary ship.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I am writing this for the sake of history.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After all, what do we have to look forward to
in our future if we do not do the work to remember the past?<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This is a critical blow to Civil War fans
worldwide, especially during this sesquicentennial commemoration.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Every time I step up those stairs and gaze into the large
tank, my eyes begin to well up with tears.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>I did it the first time I saw it, and I guarantee I will do it when I
see it again.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>With the lights on and the
staff working.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
For fans and enthusiasts of Civil War naval history, the
space that separates you from that room and the glass along the wall is the
closest you will ever get to experiencing the full weight and might of one of
history’s greatest ships.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>For others, it
is their job to work inside the collection space, ensuring that it is
maintained and protected.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Help them
continue to do their good work.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
I entreat you reader to take a few moments and sign the
change.org petition.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will only take
you a few moments.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Your effort will
hopefully contribute to the continued preservation and commemoration of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Monitor</i>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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John Ericsson, the ship’s designer, could have easily shut
down.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The victim of circumstance
following the explosion on the USS <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Princeton</i>,
Ericsson retreated to a hermit-like existence and bane of the organization he
worked so hard to help.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But he did
not.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He pushed through and created the
ship we know and love today.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Honor
him.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Honor the men who fought on and
with her.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It will only take a few seconds
of your time.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://www.change.org/petitions/united-states-congress-provide-funding-to-conserve-the-uss-monitor-collection?fb_action_ids=10152251527533646&fb_action_types=change-org%3Arecruit&fb_ref=__AyBsdDYbvm&fb_source=other_multiline&action_object_map=%5B1396787463903896%5D&action_type_map=%5B%22change-org%3Arecruit%22%5D&action_ref_map=%5B%22__AyBsdDYbvm%22%5D"><span style="font-size: x-large;">SIGN THE PETITION HERE</span>.</a><o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01520357948612296575noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-1788613411718470562014-01-09T06:56:00.001-05:002014-01-09T07:07:33.610-05:00North Carolina is Where You Can Get Your Civil War Navy Fix in Early 2014<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://civilwarexperience.ncdcr.gov/neuse/neuse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://civilwarexperience.ncdcr.gov/neuse/neuse.jpg" height="240" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">2014. A new year for the sesquicentennial. For the Civil War in 1864, it was the crucial linchpin between Confederate collapse and surrender. With the Mississippi River closed and much of the South still reeling from the effects of the Vicksburg campaign, final preparations were underway for the Union Army's last "push to victory:" the Overland Campaign and Sherman's March to the Sea/Petersburg. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
It is a landmark year for the Civil War navies. Legends are made (Farragut at Mobile Bay) and taken down (Raphael Semmes and the <i>Alabama</i>). Events, activities, and programs will undoubtedly crop out throughout the year. Yet, if you <b>REALLY</b> want to get your Civil War Navy fix for the new year, the place to do it is North Carolina. Here is a brief run down of some events going on in the first few months of 2014:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 18px;"><br /></b>
<b style="font-size: x-large; line-height: 18px;">“Always near the front, with instruments and tourniquets: The Medical Service at Fort Fisher”</b></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;">January 18, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit; line-height: 18px;"><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?e=001xNhmx7dRqx8q1VuvpcWf1J4nyBoo0sBK6Yn4qxybKzocvMpxLZNKv1tDx-7Y2jRfJEHgZ5YHffUSl_QikDUb-iGbazcbT-quX7_CR0fW0nV98Tm8OKQMV0hYk41YeAb0CJXbwYMN_QD4VyKcym-V-dQP94yiBMYt" shape="rect" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Fort Fisher State Historic Site</a>, Kure Beach</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="background-color: white; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span>
</span>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">"The attack during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher was the largest assault by the U.S. Army and Navy until World War II, and followed a smaller attack in December. Union forces had to stop the supply line to Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia that fed through Fort Fisher. Combined Federal casualties are believed to have exceeded 1,500; Confederates are believed to have been greater than 3,800. Care of the injured among the casualties will be examined during the program."
<br />
</span><br />
<div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><u><br /></u></b>
<b><span style="font-size: large;">Underwriter Expedition Symposium and Living History</span></b></span></div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
</span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">February 1, 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">CSS <i>Neuse</i> Civil War Interpretive Center, Kinston</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The CSS <i>Neuse</i> Civil War Interpretive Center will
host the USS <i>Underwriter</i> Expedition
Symposium and Navy Living History on Saturday, February 1, 2014 from 9 a.m. to
4 p.m. The program will commemorate the
150<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the Underwriter Expedition. It was likely the most exciting thing in
which many of the crew of the CSS <i>Neuse</i>
were involved.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Symposium will feature a talk by speaker
Jeff Bockert about the larger campaign of which the USS <i>Underwriter</i> Expedition was a part at 10 a.m. Andrew Duppstadt will speak about the naval
attack and involvement of crewmembers from the CSS <i>Neuse</i> at 1 p.m. At 2:30 Matthew Young will address the attack on
the USS<i> Water Witch</i>, a similar
operation to the Underwriter Expedition that took place in Georgia. Pre-registration is required for the
symposium. A boxed lunch from Our Picnic Basket will be included in the $10
registration fee. Please call
252-522-2107 or email <a href="mailto:cssneuse@ncdcr.gov">cssneuse@ncdcr.gov</a>
to register by January 24, 2014.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Carolina Living History Guild will
provide Civil War naval displays, living history, and costumed
interpretation. The living history is
free and open to the public from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">At the CSS <i>Neuse</i> Interpretive Center, learn about the ironclad gunboat and
watch as a new museum takes shape. The
Confederate Navy launched the ill-fated CSS <i>Neuse</i>
in an attempt to regain control of the lower Neuse River and the city of New
Bern.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The CSS <i>Neuse</i> Interpretive Center is located at 100 N. Queen St., Kinston,
N.C. Hours are Tuesday-Saturday, 9 a.m.
to 5 p.m. The Gov. Caswell Center is located at 2612 W. Vernon Ave., Kinston,
N.C., 28504. Hours are 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. and Saturday 10 a.m. 4 p.m. The sites
are closed Sunday and Monday, and most major holidays. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">For information contact Holly Brown at
252-526-9600 ex. 222 or email <span style="line-height: 115%;"><a href="mailto:cssneuse@ncdcr.gov"><span style="line-height: 115%;">cssneuse@ncdcr.gov</span></a></span>.
Visit the site on Facebook at “CSS <i>Neuse</i>” or “Gov. Richard Caswell
Memorial State Historic Site” pages. The
sites are administered by the Division of State Historic Sites within the N.C.
Department of Cultural Resources.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><br /></b>
<span style="font-size: large;"><b>"The Navy Way" Program</b></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;">February 15-16, 10 a.m. to 4 p.m.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><a href="http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?e=001xNhmx7dRqx9zqIGovCspZUmpTGCeEwJOiedcIuowHC1p6_QaFPdXMmRq_6pgRl6WAxz1RpSv-G669GgPUJ3WdCwTnGGUxFNIk-7PQp0_ALJMTeVBQHYI8gkdDbVSqda4r3jC1ZFSNVGOGU9le_2j7N1--pT2d5U0" shape="rect" style="outline: none; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Brunswick Town/Fort Anderson State Historic Site</a>, Winnabow </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">"The outmanned and outgunned Confederates first used torpedoes during the Civil War. The first marine torpedoes were fixed water mines, not the self-propelled explosives of today. There will be torpedo demonstrations at the fort, and re-enactors of artillery and cavalry soldiers also will participate in the program. Brunswick Town has one of the most extensive exhibits of Civil War torpedoes in the southeast."</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></div>
<!--EndFragment-->
<span style="font-family: inherit;">
Some program descriptions taken from<i> </i><b><i>Beach Carolina </i>Magazine</b></span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01520357948612296575noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-22654199046105474482014-01-05T13:17:00.001-05:002014-01-07T12:40:24.536-05:00The Moral Courage in Risk Taking<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Bataille_de_la_baie_de_Mobile_par_Louis_Prang_(1824-1909).jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/48/Bataille_de_la_baie_de_Mobile_par_Louis_Prang_(1824-1909).jpg" height="225" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-FrgJKStD9O4/Usmg020g13I/AAAAAAAAAF8/IsfBm1qzeHM/s1600/capture+of+tennessee.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="color: black;">The capture of Confederate ram <i>Tennessee</i> in the Battle of Mobile Bay in August 1864, the first major Union victory in 1864</span></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 8pt;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">The Navy was more
successful in its campaigns like Port Royal, S.C. and New Orleans than the Army
during the American Civil War particularly in the Virginia Theater. <span style="font-size: small;">According to Pulitzer Prize-winning author
James McPherson, it was “partially due to the professionalism of Navy
leadership in high positions."</span> <span style="font-size: small;">Dr.
McPherson answered these and other questions on 4 January during a speaking
engagement at the Society for Military History George C. Marshall lecture
series in Washington, D.C.</span> <span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">James
McPherson discusses the role of naval operations in the war in his most recent
work, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">War on the Waters: The Union &
Confederate Navies, 1861-1865.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></i>Concerning
his talk, he argued that “determined commanders can make [some of] their own
luck," as Ulysses S. Grant and David G. Farragut did at Vicksburg and
Mobile Bay, respectively.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Both Grant and
Farragut shared the "moral courage to take risks and accept failure."
Citing Farragut's decision to press forward at Mobile Bay after his lead ship <i>Tecumseh</i> struck a mine and sank, while <i>Brooklyn</i>, second in formation, veered
off course and stopped. It was at this
point that Farragut could have said, “Damn the torpedoes!” He added that Mobile Bay “was the first unequivocal
Union victory of 1864," followed by Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman's takeover
of Atlanta and Brig. Gen. Philip Sheridan's burning of Virginia's Shenandoah
Valley. McPherson stated that these three
victories secured Lincoln's re-election and the Union's determination to win
the war.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Farragut knew
all too well about the willingness to accept failure and take risks.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Farragut spent sixty of his sixty-nine years
in the Navy.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite this, his loyalty came
into question at the beginning of the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>According to McPherson, he "was the opposite" of Flag Officer
Samuel F. Du Pont.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>At Charleston, Du
Pont found himself constantly at odds with Navy Secretary Gideon Welles and
Assistant Navy Secretary Gustavus V. Fox over the practicality of taking the
South Carolina port "in an all Navy affair."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He wanted to do as he did at Port Royal
earlier in the war.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>He would be backed
up this time by the latest class of ironclad Monitors and a specially
constructed frigate, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">New Ironsides,</i>
to run the harbor's ring of batteries, forts, and waters filled with mines and
deadly obstructions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">To Lincoln,
Welles, and Fox, Du Pont's pessimism about the ability "to beat our
Southern friend and beat the Army" in subduing Charleston sounded more and
more like the letters sent by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's explaining why
the Army of the Potomac failed to move against the Confederates after success
at Antietam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">Du Pont, who spent
45 years in the Navy and served on the Blockade Strategy Board in the beginning
of the war, told Fox to “think cooly.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>"There's no running the gauntlet of forts like [Farragut did] at
New Orleans" as he pressed repeatedly for a combined Army-Navy operation
with the soldiers taking the batteries and forts with supporting fire coming
from the Union fleet in covering their attacks. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">McPherson felt
that Farragut believed he would "have found a way" to carry out the
attack that the president and civilian Navy leadership wanted. When Du Pont
finally attacked, his fleet of ironclads managed to get off 151 shots while the
Confederates, having set up range finders all around the harbor, fired 2,209
rounds.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Over five hundred of those struck
Union ships, sinking the ironclad <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Keokuk </i>in
the process<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">.</i><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>After a council of war with his ship
commanders, Du Pont, who originally considered pursuing the assault the next
day, "decided not to pursue the attack."<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Quoting from Welles' diary said, McPherson
said that Du Pont "had a reputation to protect not to make," and like
McClellan that sealed his fate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Despite
his good family name and pedigree, Du Pont was removed from command. He left
his position as "a bitter and broken man unwilling to take risk."<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<span style="font-family: inherit;">In the
public's mind and the administration's, the Navy “was expected to do the heavy
work" in the taking of New Orleans, as it had at Port Royal.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Later successes, even Mobile Bay, were given
little public recognition at the time, an oversight that is changing now.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: small;">Gideon Welles was
also a risk taker.</span> <span style="font-size: small;">He did not adhere to
the Navy's reliance on seniority to promote commanders, McPherson said.</span> <span style="font-size: small;">With Farragut, he found a commander who would
take those risks.</span> <span style="font-size: small;">When Virginia seceded,
he "stood by the flag” despite his local connections.</span> <span style="font-size: small;">Before leaving for New York in the spring of
1861, Farragut presciently warned his friends and in-laws in Norfolk:</span> <span style="font-size: small;">"you fellows will catch the devil for
this business."</span> <span style="font-size: small;">Welles was not so
lucky with Du Pont and Charleston. He wrote in his diary, "If anything is
to be done, we must have a new commander.”</span>
<span style="font-size: small;">He tapped the president's naval confidante, Flag Officer John A.
Dahlgren, for the position.</span> Dahlgren
would fare little better than Du Pont at the seat of secession.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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john gradyhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/17664823932989623684noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-17782965583234228552013-12-31T13:58:00.004-05:002013-12-31T13:58:40.842-05:00Heroes Get Remembered, but Legends Never Die: The Ongoing Fascination with USS Monitor<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SOuJofBJkn4/UsLsHbBoKNI/AAAAAAAAACQ/2NY61QcfFPM/s1600/030813_al_monitor_640.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="225" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-SOuJofBJkn4/UsLsHbBoKNI/AAAAAAAAACQ/2NY61QcfFPM/s400/030813_al_monitor_640.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
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Today marks the <a href="http://www.marinersmuseum.org/blogs/civilwar/?p=3447">151st anniversary of the sinking of the USS <i>Monitor</i></a>. It is as much a front story headline over a hundred and fifty years ago as it remains today. The burial of the two unidentified sailors at <a href="http://civilwarnavy150.blogspot.com/2013/03/uss-monitor-sailors-laid-to-rest-at.html">Arlington National Cemetery in March</a> hit worldwide popularity among the major news outlets. It is by far one of the most intriguing stories of the American Civil War. But why? </div>
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This post is but one of many written about the <i>Monitor</i> today. That is no secret. It's an anniversary, after all. In a block of major commemorations already occurring (WWII, 1812, WWI, Korea), it seems only natural. Our own American love affair with commemorations continue to drive many history-based blogs and social media outlets such as the CWN 150. History happens within these parameters. The job of the historian and the general public is to remember it in whatever way they seem fit: ceremonies, stories, publications, lectures, etc. It is an unspoken "social contract" Civil War enthusiasts signed back in 2011 at the commemoration's beginning. The story of the <i>Monitor</i>, however, is still alive and thriving. Others already faded into the distant sleep of the bicentennial. </div>
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<a href="http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/news/weeklynews/jan13/monitor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/news/weeklynews/jan13/monitor.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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Battlefields around the country also received their attention this year. Thousands of visitors braved the heat and flocked to the Gettysburg and Vicksburg sesquicentennial commemorations. Their stories certainly deserve equal praise and reverence. What is particularly interesting about the USS <i>Monitor</i>, now 151 years later, is its adaptability. Her story constantly evolves. Like some creature lost in the evolutionary chain, the men of the <i>Monitor</i> adapt to the changing time periods. </div>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pD62uCzeJC0/UsMMKEBaGqI/AAAAAAAAACg/2HzTfzUCLjE/s1600/James-River-Monitor-vs-CSS-Virginia-Red.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pD62uCzeJC0/UsMMKEBaGqI/AAAAAAAAACg/2HzTfzUCLjE/s200/James-River-Monitor-vs-CSS-Virginia-Red.png" style="cursor: move;" width="161" /></a>Dozens of books about the <i>Monitor</i> currently line your book store's Civil War section. The majority of these published over the course of the last decade. Timeliness is next to godliness. Many monographs claim "new developments" or "uncovered history." This is perhaps an intentional play on the ship's 2002 recovery. Even after the hoopla of the ship's sesquicentennial anniversary during the Battle of Hampton Roads in 2012, books, articles, and news stories continue to surface. Far beyond the typical "15 minutes" of historical fame, the <i>Monitor</i> has overstayed its welcome. We are okay with that. <br /><br />The continued fascination exists on everything from wine bottles to memorial plaques and challenge coins. In the grand scheme of collective memory, the <i>Monitor</i> is THE BRAND for the Civil War navies. At a time when branding takes up so much time and energy for museums and institutions around the world, enthusiasts for this subject have known theirs for years. Whether you like the publicity or not, the <i>Monitor</i> is here to stay. </div>
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Heroes get remembered. Legends like the <i>Monitor</i>, however, never die. That is a promise as ironclad as the ship itself. </div>
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Here's to 151 years. As you toast your champagne tonight, save a little bit for the <i>Monitor</i> boys. </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/01520357948612296575noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5360721195242669735.post-71579280016158660412013-12-24T07:48:00.000-05:002014-01-01T10:14:45.156-05:00The Refugee Rangers<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fo54cM-B-Ok/UrjSJtsSxLI/AAAAAAAAAeY/zwMg8wTtDoo/s1600/Union+raider.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-fo54cM-B-Ok/UrjSJtsSxLI/AAAAAAAAAeY/zwMg8wTtDoo/s320/Union+raider.jpg" width="246" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A Union militia soldier who may have served in the "Refugee Rangers" in Florida. Source: Florida Dept. of State Photo Archives</td></tr>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In December 1863, Adm. Theodorus Bailey,
commanding the E. Gulf Blockading Squadron, was approached by Mr. Enoch
Daniels, a Unionist refugee living in the Charlotte Harbor area, who requested
permission to assemble a volunteer company from among the other Unionist
refugees in the area and at Key West. They would form a raiding party
that could work in conjunction with Union military forces, attacking, capturing
and/or destroying southern property and more importantly, attempting to disrupt
the round-up and transport north of beef cattle to feed the southern armies.
The U.S. Army would arm and equip this unit, and the Navy would transport them
to embarkation points and lend them heavy gun support as long as they were
within range. This endeavor was approved, and Daniels formed a company of
refugees designated by the Army as the “Florida Rangers,” but Adm. Bailey liked
to refer to them as the “Refugee Rangers.”</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">In late 1863, the Rangers were ready to take
the offensive. On 24 December 1863, Lt. Baxter of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gem of the Sea</i> sent an armed boat party of 14 men in the ship’s
launch and cutter, under the command of Acting Ensign J.H. Jenks, to link up
with Daniels and 15 men of the Refugee Rangers at Useppa Island. The ship’s
landing party also towed with them two small boats for the rangers’ use.
Daniels directed the landing party to a location on the Myakka River (“Myacca”
in the ORN reports) to go ashore, where they landed on 25 December. The Rangers
headed inland to make trouble, while Jenks and his party of bluejackets
established a defensive position on the beach to await the Rangers’ return and
evacuate them. The understanding was that the Rangers’ party would be back in 7
days. On 28 December, the US Sloop <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rosalie</i>
arrived at the landing site to help provide additional cover and fire support.
The next day the sailors conducted additional reconnaissance in the area and relocated
the USN shore camp to a location with a better defensive position.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">Early the morning of 30 December, the sailors
heard noises in the brush next to their camp, indicating “ . . . <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">men were crawling toward them</i>.” Jenks at
first thought it was Daniel’s party returning to the landing site and he
hailed, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Who comes there?</i>” The reply
came, “<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Captain Daniels and his men</i>.”
Jenks ordered them to halt and give the countersign agreed upon to confirm
their identity. The response was a hail of musket and shotgun fire from what
was estimated to be 40 Confederate troops. The sailors returned fire and fell
back to their boats. When they were out of the line of fire, the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rosalie</i> opened fire on the ambushing troops
with her 12-pdr boat howitzer with canister and grape and additional musket
fire from seamen on the deck. The firepower of the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rosalie</i> was invaluable and no doubt saved the lives of most of the
USN landing party. Jenks returned to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gem
of the Sea</i> with one wounded seaman and to reprovision. He was able to carry
off all of the weapons, camp equipage and material from their beachhead with
minimal loss.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Baxter sent the ship’s boats and the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Rosalie</i> back to the landing site to
await Daniel’s return. On 1 January 1864 the sailors returned to the bark with
Daniels and five of his men. Six of his original 15 men had deserted after they
landed on 25 December, and it is likely that at least some of them were
involved in the ambush of the USN shore party on 30 December. Four men were
still “at large” ashore, having become separated from Daniel’s party. These
intrepid four eventually made their way over to the Peace River, found a small
schooner, captured the ship and returned in it to the <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gem of the Sea</i>.</span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Historian George Buker believes that the E. Gulf Squadron's close ties with local Unionists, including the formation of the Refugee Rangers (who eventually became the Second Florida Cavalry, US), and their initiative to organize an infantry regiment of escaped slaves as the Second Florida USCT, represent a signature achievement which is not recognized today by many Civil War scholars. </span><br />
<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PQ_VyottzRw/UrjSgwHFq2I/AAAAAAAAAeg/sIeUr5Aem1A/s1600/CW+skirmish.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="186" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PQ_VyottzRw/UrjSgwHFq2I/AAAAAAAAAeg/sIeUr5Aem1A/s320/CW+skirmish.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Skirmish between Confederate cavalry and Union raiding party, possibly a group of the Refugee Rangers. Source: Florida Dept. of State Photo Archive.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Seaman Robhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16977034215765205890noreply@blogger.com0